Global urbanization depends on public transportation, such as buses, trams, ferries, and metros, which contributes to the social and economic infrastructure of cities by giving people access to jobs, healthcare, education, and leisure activities.However, despite their importance, public transit systems frequently encounter numerous challenges that can compromise efficiency, limit accessibility, and obstruct their potential to promote sustainable and equitable urban growth. Key issues such as overcrowding, insufficient infrastructure, poor scheduling, and lack of funding significantly impact the effectiveness of these systems.